Sources and original illustrations

Primary references and the limits of this educational collection.

Primary references

• USDA SR Legacy April 2018 CSV archive — Historic energy nutrient 1008 values per 100 g edible material, used by the local factual food reference.
• USDA: Data-type documentation — SR Legacy is historic reference data with final April 2018 release; it differs from current branded labels.
• FDA: Food-allergy label reading — Read actual ingredient information for allergy decisions; energy values do not establish ingredient suitability.
• USDA SR Legacy 172448: Tofu, firm, prepared with calcium sulfate and magnesium chloride (nigari) — Historic reference: 78.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Tofu, firm, prepared with calcium sulfate and magnesium chloride (nigari). Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 172449: Tofu, soft, prepared with calcium sulfate and magnesium chloride (nigari) — Historic reference: 61.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Tofu, soft, prepared with calcium sulfate and magnesium chloride (nigari). Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 172451: Tofu, fried — Historic reference: 270.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Tofu, fried. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 172475: Tofu, raw, firm, prepared with calcium sulfate — Historic reference: 144.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Tofu, raw, firm, prepared with calcium sulfate. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 172454: Hummus, home prepared — Historic reference: 177.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Hummus, home prepared. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 174289: Hummus, commercial — Historic reference: 237.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Hummus, commercial. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 170173: Nuts, coconut milk, canned (liquid expressed from grated meat and water) — Historic reference: 197.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Nuts, coconut milk, canned (liquid expressed from grated meat and water). Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 174116: Beverages, coconut milk, sweetened, fortified with calcium, vitamins A, B12, D2 — Historic reference: 31.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Beverages, coconut milk, sweetened, fortified with calcium, vitamins A, B12, D2. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 171705: Avocados, raw, all commercial varieties — Historic reference: 160.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Avocados, raw, all commercial varieties. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 171706: Avocados, raw, California — Historic reference: 167.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Avocados, raw, California. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 171707: Avocados, raw, Florida — Historic reference: 120.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Avocados, raw, Florida. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169096: Olives, pickled, canned or bottled, green — Historic reference: 145.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Olives, pickled, canned or bottled, green. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169094: Olives, ripe, canned (small-extra large) — Historic reference: 116.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Olives, ripe, canned (small-extra large). Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 170271: Chocolate, dark, 45- 59% cacao solids — Historic reference: 546.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Chocolate, dark, 45- 59% cacao solids. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 170272: Chocolate, dark, 60-69% cacao solids — Historic reference: 579.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Chocolate, dark, 60-69% cacao solids. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 170273: Chocolate, dark, 70-85% cacao solids — Historic reference: 598.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Chocolate, dark, 70-85% cacao solids. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 172442: Miso — Historic reference: 198.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Miso. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 167602: Seaweed, Canadian Cultivated EMI-TSUNOMATA, dry — Historic reference: 259.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Seaweed, Canadian Cultivated EMI-TSUNOMATA, dry. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 167603: Seaweed, Canadian Cultivated EMI-TSUNOMATA, rehydrated — Historic reference: 31.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Seaweed, Canadian Cultivated EMI-TSUNOMATA, rehydrated. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 167959: Snacks, popcorn, air-popped — Historic reference: 387.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Snacks, popcorn, air-popped. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169861: Snacks, popcorn, home-prepared, oil-popped, unsalted — Historic reference: 500.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Snacks, popcorn, home-prepared, oil-popped, unsalted. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 167577: Sherbet, orange — Historic reference: 144.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Sherbet, orange. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 167575: Ice creams, vanilla — Historic reference: 207.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Ice creams, vanilla. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 172455: Falafel, home-prepared — Historic reference: 333.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Falafel, home-prepared. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 171579: Sauce, pesto, ready-to-serve, refrigerated — Historic reference: 418.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Sauce, pesto, ready-to-serve, refrigerated. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 174524: Sauce, salsa, ready-to-serve — Historic reference: 29.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Sauce, salsa, ready-to-serve. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169378: Pickles, cucumber, sweet (includes bread and butter pickles) — Historic reference: 91.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Pickles, cucumber, sweet (includes bread and butter pickles). Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 168558: Pickles, cucumber, dill or kosher dill — Historic reference: 12.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Pickles, cucumber, dill or kosher dill. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169279: Sauerkraut, canned, solids and liquids — Historic reference: 19.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Sauerkraut, canned, solids and liquids. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 170392: Cabbage, kimchi — Historic reference: 15.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Cabbage, kimchi. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169205: Artichokes, (globe or french), raw — Historic reference: 47.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Artichokes, (globe or french), raw. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169236: Jerusalem-artichokes, raw — Historic reference: 73.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Jerusalem-artichokes, raw. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 168486: Taro, cooked, without salt — Historic reference: 142.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Taro, cooked, without salt. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 168488: Taro leaves, cooked, steamed, without salt — Historic reference: 24.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Taro leaves, cooked, steamed, without salt. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 168216: Plantains, green, boiled — Historic reference: 121.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Plantains, green, boiled. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 173142: Snacks, plantain chips, salted — Historic reference: 531.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Snacks, plantain chips, salted. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 170067: Waterchestnuts, chinese, canned, solids and liquids — Historic reference: 50.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Waterchestnuts, chinese, canned, solids and liquids. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169212: Bamboo shoots, canned, drained solids — Historic reference: 19.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Bamboo shoots, canned, drained solids. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 168191: Dates, medjool — Historic reference: 277.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Dates, medjool. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 171726: Dates, deglet noor — Historic reference: 282.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Dates, deglet noor. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169593: Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened — Historic reference: 228.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 169594: Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened, processed with alkali — Historic reference: 220.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened, processed with alkali. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.
• USDA SR Legacy 174122: Beverages, Cocoa mix, powder — Historic reference: 398.0 kcal per 100 g; exact description Beverages, Cocoa mix, powder. Values verified from downloaded USDA archive, not a current product assay.

Original visual material

The diagrams in this edition are original SVG illustrations explaining the sequence or decisions in each guide. They do not show a laboratory experiment, a personal trip or a tested product result. No photographs from the linked sources are reproduced.

Check the source in context

References were consulted during preparation of this edition. A source may cover a broader or narrower question than a particular guide; the support notes above explain why it is listed. Read the original for methodology, exceptions and updates.